THE NOBLE GRADEBOOK SHAREWARE VERSION V4.0 NOTE: This is a text file version of THE NOBLE GRADEBOOK DOCUMENTATION. The screen displays will be missing some detail or may not be shown at all. (C) COPYRIGHT 1988, 1990 NOBLE SOFTWARE CO ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NOBLE SOFTWARE CO 11903 Pythian Cave Rd Yreka, Ca 96097 DISCLAIMER Noble Software Co. presents this software package "as is" and makes no representation or warranties with respect to the contents hereof and specifically disclaims any implied warranties or merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Further, Noble Software Co. reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes in the contents hereof without obligation of Noble Software Co. to notify any persons or organization of such revisions or changes. Noble Software Co. shall have no liability or responsibility to customer or any other person or entity with respect to any liability, loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by computer programs sold by Noble Software Co. TABLE OF CONTENTS GETTING STARTED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1-1 Readme.first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1-2 Installing the program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 GENERAL INFORMATION/COMMAND SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2-1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2-2 Command Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 DESIGNING YOUR GRADE BOOK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3-1 Starting From Scratch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3-2 (S)aving and (R)etrieving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3-3 (P)rint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3-4 (C)lear-gradesheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3-5 Display-(O)ne. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3-6 Co(N)figuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3-7 (G)et configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3-8 (Q)uit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ADVANCED FEATURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4-1 # to drop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4-2 % of Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4-3 Optional grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4-4 Letter Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 4-5 (L)etter-conversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4-6 Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4-7 I.(D). Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4-8 Sort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 4-9 Calculation On/Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 4-10 Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 4-11 Special Key-prefixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Extra credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 No credit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4-12 Import. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4-13 Variable Max Grade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 EDIT-KEYS EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 5-1 Edit-Keys Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 6-1 Recommended Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 ERROR MESSAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 7-1 Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 1 GETTING STARTED 1-1 Readme.first This documentation should enable the complete beginner to create his first working gradesheet within a few hours. The following notes will make the instructions easier to follow. Parentheses are used for comments and explanations. Boldface is used for characters or words that appear on the screen. "Keyboard in" means type on the keyboard. Occasionally, periods will be left off of the end of sentences. This is done on purpose so that the period will not be included as part of a command. When you are working in the gradesheet screen there may be two highlighted areas, one which is always in the name column and the other which is moveable. When you are asked to move the highlighted area we are referring to the moveable one. Most of the screens used in this documentation are files included on THE NOBLE GRADEBOOK (NGB) disk. The actual file names appears either in the Filename: part of the screen or directly under the screen. When using the sample file, be careful not to save them when exiting or loading new files. 1-2 Installing the program Make a working copy of the master disk. Store the original disk in a safe place and use the copy as your program disk. One Disk Drive System: 1. Boot DOS or copy NGB.EXE onto a DOS Disk (see your DOS manual) and 2. Load the program by typing NGB and pressing return. 3. Remove the program disk and place a data disk in drive A. Two Disk Drive System: 1. Boot DOS or copy NGB.EXE onto a DOS Disk (see your DOS manual) and 2. place the program disk in drive A and a data disk in drive B. 3. Change to Drive B (B: press RETURN) 4. Load the program by typing A:NGB and press RETURN Fixed drive System: 1. Create a subdirectory for NGB data (see your DOS manual). 2. Copy NGB.EXE to the subdirectory or to where application programs reside and 3. Load the program while in the subdirectory. 2 GENERAL INFORMATION/COMMAND SUMMARY 2-1 Features Think of this program as your Grade Book and each Gradesheet that you design as a page in your Grade Book. Each Gradesheet (one for each class) will hold up to 200 students and each student may have up to 200 entered grades. The entered grades are keyed to subject headings of your choice ie tests, quizzes, homework, attendance. The total number of grade entries for any key is only subject to the 200 entry limit. Keyed items are defined by Key prefix, Description, Max grade, # to drop, % of Grade. These definitions are explained further in section 3-1, "Starting from Scratch". After scores are entered, any column of scores may be scaled up or down to adjust the curve. The result of scaling will change the Total Grade/Points (end of term). The original "raw" grades are not altered by the program. Once designed, each Gradesheet can be edited. Students (rows) can be added, deleted, or changed. Keyed items (columns) may also be added, deleted, or altered. Grades may be entered as either numbers or letters. A gradesheet may be sorted in any column (ID number, names, any key column, or Total Grade). The whole Gradesheet may be viewed at one time or individual students may be viewed separately. Printouts can be made of the entire Gradesheet, for individual students, or for any graded column. A graph of the number of students versus percent correct can be generated for each keyed item (column), or the Total Grade. Printer setup commands can be sent to the printer prior to printing the gradesheet. This allows one to take advantage of any special printer features (ie reduced, sideways, etc) that your printer may have. Students name, I.D. numbers, scores/grades can be imported directly into the gradesheet from DOS text files. Blank grades (an area in the gradesheet where no grade is entered) are ignored. Only grades that are entered are used to calculate the Total Grade. If a student is to receive a '0' or an 'F' for a given assignment then the grade must be entered. By ignoring the 'blank' grade you can excuse a student from any assignment without affecting the Total Grade. The Gradesheet will display the number of missing grades, average, median and standard deviation and the bottom of every graded column. These statistics will also print on the appropriate reports. 3 2-2 Command Summary Command Keystroke Used from Action Help F1 While in gradesheet or Shows help screen edit-keys Escape Esc Anywhere Backs out of current action to previous menu or screen. Insert Ins While in gradesheet Inserts new column to column the left of the present ; asks for new 'key' and description Delete Del While in gradesheet. Deletes column column Highlight top grade in colunm Insert Ins While in gradesheet Adds name to botom Names below the last name of gradesheet Insert Ins In gradesheet Inserts a blank row Names highlight name and above the highlighted press Ins key name Delete Del In gradesheet Deletes row Name highlight name and press Del key Change In gradesheet, Allows name to be name highlight name and edited type new name Delete Del In edit-keys, Allows a Key-Prefix Key- highlight key-prefix & to be deleted prefix press Del key Sort ALT-S While in gradesheet; Sorts column in ascending any column or descending order Graph ALT-G While in gradesheet; Will produce graph of highlight column students versus percent correct for that column Calcul ALT-C Gradesheet Toggle for ation calculation on or off On/Off Import ALT-I Gradesheet, with Import scores/grades scores selected column from DOS text file highlighted Display ALT-M Gradesheet Toggle for display of free free memory, next to memory Row/Column display Display ALT-D Gradesheet Toggle for display Statistic statistics at bottom of screen 4 Command Keystroke Used from Action Scale +,-,* In gradesheet + or - will add or highlight scale over subtract from the raw column; enter +,-,or * score. A *.9 will and a number to add, result in 90% and subtract or multiply *1.1 will result in the raw score. In 110%. The raw score graph enter same is not changed; only commands the Total Grade. A scale change while in the graph affects the gradesheet Print P While in main menu Print entire gradesheet or print individual grade summary for all students Print ALT-P While in gradesheet Will print grade highlight student name summary for selected or top of column student or names and scores for selected columns Page Pg Up Gradesheet Moves cursor up one page up Page Pg Dn Gradesheet Moves cursor down one page down Screen Ctrl -> Gradesheet Moves cursor one screen right to the right Screen Ctrl <- Gradesheet Moves cursor one screen left to the left Top Ctrl- Gradesheet Moves cursor to the top row Home End Ctrl-End Gradesheet Moves cursor to bottom row Left Home Gradesheet Moves cursor to the left most column Right End Gradesheet Moves cursor to the right most column 5 DESIGNING YOUR GRADE BOOK 3-1 Starting From Scratch In this section we will create, save, retrieve, print, clear, display-one, configure, get configuration from another file and quit a simple gradesheet. The Total Points (end of term grade) will be calculated as an accumulation of earned points. Start the program by typing NGB and pressing return (for a detailed explanation see section 1-2 Installing the program). When the title page appears with the copyright message, press return and the following screen will appear: 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 쿎ommand: � � *** Main Menu *** � � � � � � (V)iew/change gradesheet (E)dit-keys � � (S)ave (C)lear gradesheet � � (R)etrieve I.(D).-field � � (P)rint (L)etter-conversion � � Display-(O)ne (I)mport names/ID# � � Co(N)figuration Print Order (F)orm � � (G)et configuration from (Q)uit � � another file � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 The options listed are used by typing the character within the parenthesis (upper or lower case). We are going to create a gradesheet that will have: 5 quizzes worth 20 points each 2 tests worth 100 points each 1 final worth 100 points The first step is to define key-prefixes for the different categories (quizzes, tests & final). Enter the (E)dit-keys option by pressing E or e. The following screen will appear: 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 쿎ommand or data: _ F1=Help � � � 쿖ey Description Max # to % of |-------Optio� 쿾refix grade drop Gra� � � � 께� � � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 There is a blinking cursor after Command or data: and a highlighted block under Key-prefix 6 A Key prefix is one or two letters followed by a hyphen. The Key prefix may be entered in either upper or lower case. The Gradebook will convert the entries to uppercase. For the sample gradesheet, we will assign quizzes the Key prefix of QZ. Type a prefix QZ- the characters will appear on the command line. Press the Right Arrow (cursor movement key) and QZ- will now be under Key prefix and the highlighted block will move one column to the right. (QZ- could also have been entered by using Return and the highlighted block moved with a separate use of the Right Arrow key.) Now the area under Description will have a highlighted block. The entry under Description may be up to twenty characters in length or may be left blank. Type quizzes and press the Right Arrow Key. quizzes will appear under Description and the highlighted block will move under Max grade. The entry under Max grade is the maximum grade for a single gradesheet entry (one column) for the given Key prefix and may be between 0 and 10,000 (or a valid letter grade) and must be made. It is possible to have a different Max Grade for each entry (column) in the gradesheet, this is discussed in 'Variable Max Grade' in section 4-13. If a letter grade is entered here, then all of the grades entered for this Key may only be alphabetic. Enter 20 (20 is the maximum grade for each quiz) for the grade and use the down cursor movement key to position the highlighted block for the next Key prefix. Make the entries for T- tests 100; and F- final 100 in the same manner as for the quizzes. The result will look like the following screen: 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 쿎ommand or data: _ F1=Help � � � 쿖ey Description Max # to % of |-------Optio� 쿾refix grade drop Gra� � � � QZ- quizzes 20 � � T- tests 100 � � F- final 100 께 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 Filename: NGB31A A Key-prefix can be deleted by highlighting the Key-prefix and pressing the Del key. The maximum number of Keys that can be defined is 18. The columns to the right of Max grade will be explained in sec 4 Advanced features. Now that the prefixes have been defined, press Escape and return to the Main Menu. Proceed to the gradesheet by pressing V (or v). The following screen will appear with a highlighted block under Name: 7 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 쿎ommand or data: _ F1=Help � 쿑ilename: � � Key Total Est. Lettr � � Max-score Point Total Grade � 쿙ame Scale +0 Point � � � 남께께께께께께께께께께 � �# of missing grades 0 0 0 � 쿌verage � 쿘edian � 쿞tandard Deviation 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� There are several different ways to construct the gradesheet at this step. We will choose a way which will allow a "template" gradesheet that can be used for several different classes. Columns add: Using the right arrow (cursor movement key), move the highlighted block one column to the right (to beneath the Total Point column) and press the Insert key. At the top of the screen the line Command or data: _ will be replaced by key: _ Keyboard in QZ- followed by a 1 The entry will look like this key: QZ-1 press return; the command line will now display description: _ Keyboard in quiz 1 and press return. The following screen will appear: 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 쿎ommand or data: _ F1=Help quiz 1 � 쿑ilename:NGB31B � � Key QZ-1 Total Est. Lettr � � Max-score 20 Point Total Grade � 쿙ame Scale +0 +0 Point � � � � 께께� � �# of missing grades 0 0 0 0 � 쿌verage � 쿘edian � 쿞tandard Deviation 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 Filename: NGB31B Note that a column has been inserted between Key and Total Point. The highlighted area was underneath the Total Point column and the new column was inserted to the left of the Total Point column. Columns are inserted to the left of the column in which the highlighted area is positioned. While the highlighted block is in a Key column, a description of the column is presented in the upper right hand corner of the screen. 8 Move the highlighted area to the Total Point column and insert columns for quiz 2, quiz 3, quiz 4, quiz 5, test 1, test 2, and final. As more columns are inserted, the columns to the right of Total Point will move off of the screen to the right. By using the right and left cursor movement keys, any column may be shifted conveniently close to the name column. Column delete: If any errors were made while entering the columns, the column can be deleted by highlighting that column (first name below the heading) and pressing the Delete key. If this gradesheet were to be used for several different classes, it would now be saved as a "template" before entering students names. 3-2 (S)aving and (R)etrieving Saving the gradesheet on a regular interval will safeguard against loss in case the power goes off. To save: press Escape to return to the Main Menu and choose (S)ave by pressing S. The first time during a session that a file is saved or retrieved, there will be a prompt for the name of the file: gradesheet name: _ (after the first time, the save feature "remembers" the last file name that was used; to delete the presented name, use the backspace key). Choose a meaningful name, one that will help in referring to the contents of the gradesheet. A proper name may contain up to eight letters and numbers, a drive prefix and a path. Do not add an extension to the file name. When the file is saved the gradebook adds the extension of .GBK to all of the gradesheets names. The file will be saved to the default data drive if no drive prefix is used. An improper file name will return an error message. If the data disk already has a file with the same name as the filename you just entered, the message File already exists, overwrite (y or n) appears before the file is saved. Pressing y will save the new version over the old file. Pressing n WILL NOT save the file. When the Gradesheet is saved (except for the first time), the message Making backup file: .BAK 1 file(s) copied will appear and you will return to the Main Menu If there is an error (such as a power failure) when saving the file and you are not returned to the Main Menu you should use the DOS command REN to rename the .BAK to .GBK. This will allow you to salvage the data from the previous save. DO NOT try to save again as this may cause the good .BAK file to be overwritten. After the file is renamed you can (R)etrieve the file or the file and save the one you wish to keep. Be sure to check them both out carefully before deciding which one to keep. 9 Retrieving a file is done by using (R)etrieve from the Main Menu. A listing of available gradesheets on the default drive will be presented. To retrieve a file on a different drive, preface the filename with the drive letter (and path if needed). Warning: remember to save any file being worked on before retrieving a new file. If you are working on a gradesheet when you select the (R)etrieve option you are asked if you wish to save the current gradesheet. After saving, return to the gradesheet by using choice (V)iew/change gradesheet from the Main Menu. Note that the filename of the current gradesheet now appears under Command or data: _ Names add: The next step is to enter student names in the names column. Using the cursor movement keys, move the highlighted area into the Name column. Enter a name and press return. The highlighted area moves down a row, ready for the next entry. In our practice gradesheet, I have entered five names: Lilli, Mike, Susan, Phil, and Max. I have also entered a grade of 17 on QZ-1 for Lilli. 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 쿎ommand or data: _ F1=Help quiz 2 � 쿑ilename:NGB32A � � Key QZ-1 QZ-2 QZ-3 T-2 F-1 Total Est. � � Max-score 20 20 20 100 100 Point Total� 쿙ame Scale +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 Point� � � 쿗illi 17 께께� 17.0 340.0� 쿘ike 0.0 0.0� 쿞usan 0.0 0.0� 쿛hil 0.0 0.0� 쿘ax 0.0 0.0� � � �# of missing grades 4 5 5 5 5 0 0� 쿌verage 3.4 68.0� 쿘edian 0.0 0.0� 쿞tandard Deviation 7.6 152.1� 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 Filename:NGB32A You will see that the Total Point shows 17.0, which is obtained from the 17 points received out of the 20 points possible. Note that only columns with scores affect the Total Point, because 'blank' grades are ignored. Notice that the Est. Total Point (Estimated Total points) shows the total number of points this student will earn if the level of performance remains the same on all the other entries. The Total Point columns will show 1/10 of points up to 999.9 and then only whole numbers above the 999.9 value. Enter grades for the other students for QZ-1, QZ-2, QZ-3 and T-1. Whenever grades are being entered for a student, the student's name will be highlighted. The screen may be "scrolled" to the left or right (use the cursor movement keys) so that the column that the grades are being entered into is next to the name's column. 10 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 쿎ommand or data: F1=Help quiz 4 � 쿑ilename:NGB32B � � KZ-1 QZ-2 QZ-3 T-1 T-2 F-1 Total Est. � � Max-score 20 20 20 100 100 100 Point Total� 쿙ame Scale +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 Point� � � 쿗illi 17 18 19 91 145.0 362.5� 쿘ike 16 19 20 89 144.0 360.0� 쿞usan 14 16 19 85 134.0 335.0� 쿛hil 12 18 17 82 129.0 322.5� 쿘ax 13 15 15 69 112.0 280.0� � � �# of missing gra 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0� 쿌verage 14.4 17.2 18.0 83.2 132.0 332.0� 쿘edian 14.0 18.0 19.0 85.0 134.8 335.0� 쿞tandard Deviati 2.1 1.6 2.0 8.7 13.4 33.6� 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Filename:NGB32B If you need to remove a grade (change a grade to a blank grade) you can do so by highlighting the grade to remove, press the space bar one time and press 'return'. You will be asked to confirm the change; type 'Y' and the grade will be changed to a blank. By using the cursor movement keys, the screen can be "scrolled" to the left to show the Letter Grade. The letter grade is determined by the points assigned in the (L)etter-conversion (section 4.5) option. 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 쿎ommand or data: _ F1=Help final � 쿑ilename:NGB32B � � Key T-1 T-2 F-1 Total Est. Lettr � � Max-score 100 100 100 Point Total Grade � 쿙ame Scale +0 +0 +0 +0 Point � � � 쿗illi 91 145.0 362.5 A � 쿘ike 89 144.0 360.0 A � 쿞usan 85 134.8 335.0 B+ � 쿛hil 82 129.0 322.5 B+ � 쿘ax 69 께께�112.0 280.0 C+ � � � �# of missing grades 0 5 5 0 0 0 � 쿌verage 83.2 132.0 332.0 B+ � 쿘edian 85.0 134.0 335.0 B+ � 쿞tandard Deviation 8.7 13.4 33.6 32.7 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 Filename:NGB32B 11 3-3 (P)rint Return to the Main Menu and choose option (P)rint by pressing P (or p). The following screen will appear: 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � enter option (1-5) _ � � � � 1 Print entire Gradesheet using default printer settings. � � (80 columns/line, 60 lines/page, standard print. � � 2 Print entire Gradesheet using settings from configuration op� � 3 Print individual grade summary for all students � � 4 Print grade summary for selected students � � 5 Print names & scores for selected columns � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 Option 1, 2 & 3 work directly from the above menu. Option 4 requires a return to the gradesheet, then highlight the student's name and press Alt-P (hold the Alt key down and at the same time press P or p). Option 5 requires a return to the gradesheet, then highlight any grade in a column and press Alt-P (hold the Alt key down and at the same time press P or p). 3-4 (C)lear-gradesheet This option allows one to clear all or part of the gradesheet currently being worked on. By using the (C)lear-gradesheet option from the Main Menu the following screen will appear: 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � enter option (1-4) _ � � � � � � 1 Remove all students (retains columns and edit-keys data) � � 2 Remove all columns (retains students & edit-keys data) � � 3 Clear entire gradesheet (clears everything) � � 4 Return go Main Menu � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� When choosing options 1-3 you will be given the option to save the current gradesheet. Option 1 would allow one to use the same gradesheet for another class. After removing the existing students, the new students could be entered (or imported in as explained later) and the gradesheet would be all set up. Option 2 would allow the same students to be used in a new gradesheet, and option 3 would be used to start a completely new gradesheet. When using options 1-3 the current filename will be cleared, so when you try to save a new filename will have to be entered. 3-5 Display-(O)ne If a student would like to see his grades, it is possible to display the grades for only one student. Escape to the Main Menu and choose Display-(O)ne. The gradesheet will be displayed with only that one student's grades showing as shown below. 12 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 쿎ommand or data: _ F1=Help quiz 4� 쿑ilename:NGB35 � � Key QZ-1 QZ-2 QZ-3 QZ-4 QZ-5 T-1 T-2 F� � Max-score 20 20 20 20 20 100 100 1� 쿙ame Scale +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 � � � 쿗illi 17 18 19 께께� 91 � 쿘ike � 쿞usan � 쿛hil � 쿘ax � � � �# of missing grades 0 0 0 5 5 0 5 � 쿌verage 14.4 17.2 18.0 83.2 � 쿘edian 14.0 18.0 19.0 85.0 � 쿞tandard Deviation 2.1 1.6 2.0 8.7 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 Filename:NGB35 You can use the up & down arrow keys to go from one student to another; the left and right arrows move the same as before. To return to the regular display, Escape to the Main Menu and choose (V)iew/change gradesheet. 3-6 Co(N)figuration Configuration allow you to assign a Course Description, Semester Description, and printer information to your gradebook. Press N at the Main Menu and the following screen will appear. Course Semester ------------------------------------------------------------------ Printer Setup - Grade sheet Set up string Reset string Maximum number of columns Maximum number of rows 80 60 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Printer Setup - Bar graph Set up string Reset string ___________________________________________________________________ Keyboard in the appropriate information in each box. Pressing 'return' will move to the next box, or the Up arrow and Down arrow keys may be used to move from box to box. The 'Esc' key will return you to the Main Menu . If there is an error in a box, return to the box and use the backspace key to delete the mistake and retype the entry. 13 Course: Enter a description/title of the course, ie U.S. History (up to 30 characters). Semester: Enter a semester description (up to 29 characters). Example: Spring 1987 Printer Setup - Grade sheets Set up string: Many printers allow special print options, such as condensed or sideways printing, through the use of escape sequence set up strings. This field allows one to specify the set up strings which will be sent to your printer prior to printing any grade sheet. The escape sequence usually consists of an escape character followed by additional characters. The escape character would be entered an \027 and an example of a character 4 would be \004. The following shows a couple examples of set up strings: Most Dot Matrix printers in condense mode \027B\003 HP LaserJet in condense, sideways & 8 lines/inch mode \027E\027&l1ol8D\027&k2S Reset string: If the printer is sent a set up string it is usually appropriate to send a reset command after the printing has finished. This field allows one to specify a reset escape sequence if it is needed. Examples of such commands would be: Most Dot Matrix printers \027B\001 HP LaserJet \027E Maximum number of columns: This field specifies the maximum number of characters per line that your printer is capable of printing. The default value is 80 and may be changed for any printer width or in conjunction with any condense printing. When changing this value be sure to allow room for left and right margins. Examples would be: Most Dot Matrix printer in condense mode on 8 1/2 inch wide paper 116 HP LaserJet in condense mode on 11 inch wide paper 166 Maximum number of rows: This field specifies the maximum number of rows (lines) than can be printed on a page. If you change this value be sure to allow for top and bottom margins. Examples would be: Most Dot Matrix printers at 6 lines/inch on 11 inch paper 60 HP LaserJet at 8 lines/inch on 8 1/2 inch paper 64 14 Printer Setup - Bar graph Set up String: In some cases, usually on networks, it may be necessary to send an escape command to the printer which will load the standard IBM graphic character fonts. This field allows one to enter such a command if it is needed. If your printer already has the correct fonts, leave this field blank. This option is usually not needed for stand alone printers attached to single computers. Consult your printer of network manuals for any escape codes you might need. Reset String: This option is used to reset the printer if you sent it a bar graph setup string as described above. 3-7 (G)et configuration The (G)et configuration option allows a configuration to be copied from another file into the current file. This would prevent the need of re-typing the setup strings when creating a new gradebook (the course and semester descriptions would have to be changed). 3-8 (Q)uit This option allows the user to exit the program. If there is a gradesheet currently being worked on, the option to save is included when using (Q)uit. 15 ADVANCED FEATURES This section will discuss dropping lowest scores for any key (# to drop), weighted keys (% of Grade), Optional grading, letter/number grade conversion, the scale feature, I.D. field, sort, calculation on/off, graph, special key prefixes, and import. In section 3-1 the Total Grade was calculated as an accumulation of earned points. In this section the weighted keys allows us to calculate the Total Grade by assigning different weight value to each of the keys, therefore giving us a weighted percentage. Continuing with our gradesheet from section 3, return to the (E)dit-keys menu and we will add more options to the gradesheet. Press the Escape key to return to the Main Menu and then E to go to (E)dit-keys. 4-1 # to drop In the column # to drop highlight the area to the right of quizzes. This column allows the program to drop the lowest grade or grades in the defined Key. The maximum number of grades that can be dropped in any Key is 9, unless the Key is a Variable-max- grade Key the the maximum is 3. Enter a 1 in the # to drop column and in the row for quizzes. HINT --> If this option is chosen when the keys are first defined, then the first grade entered for the quizzes will be dropped. As this is the only grade, it will be the lowest. Usually you should wait until half or all of the grades are entered before selecting this option. 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � Command or data: _ F1=Help� � � 쿖ey Description Max # to % of |-------Optiona� 쿾refix grade drop Grade % A B � � � 쿜Z- quizzes 20 1 께께 � � T- tests 100 � � F- final 100 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 Filename:NGB41 Return to the gradesheet and note that the Total Grade has changed. 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 쿎ommand or data: _ =Help quiz 4 � 쿑ilename:NGB41 � � Key QZ-4 QZ-5 T-1 T-2 F-1 Total Est. � � Max-score 20 20 100 100 100 Point Total� 쿙ame Scale +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 Point� � � 쿗illi 께께� 91 128.0 347.4� 쿘ike 89 128.0 347.4� 쿞usan 85 120.0 325.7� 쿛hil 82 117.0 317.6� 쿘ax 69 99.0 268.7� � � �# of missing grades 5 5 0 5 5 0 0� 쿌verage 83.2 118.4 321.4� 쿘edian 85.0 120.0 325.7� 쿞tandard Deviation 8.7 11.9 32.3� 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 Filename:NGB41 16 4-2 % of Grade We will now assign a weight (% of Grade) to each of the keys. This will allow us to assign more value to keys which are considered more important. When weights are assigned to the keys the Total Point columns are changed to Total Grade and the data are shown in percentage instead of earned points. Return to the (E)dit-keys. In the column % of Grade make the entries as shown in the following screen. The Gradebook will now calculate each Key as a percentage of the final grade. 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 쿎ommand or data: _ � � � 쿖ey Description Max # to % of |--� 쿾refix grade drop grade � � 쿜Z- quizzes 20 1 25 � � T- tests 100 40 � � F- final 100 35 � � Total % 100.0 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 Filename:NGB42 Return to the gradesheet 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 쿎ommand or data: _ F1=Help quiz 4 � 쿑ilename:NGB42 � � Key QZ-3 QZ-4 QZ-5 T-1 T-2 F-1 Total Est. � � Max-score 20 20 20 100 100 100 Grade Total� 쿙ame Scale +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 Grade� � � 쿗illi 19 께께� 91 59.5 91.5� 쿘ike 20 89 60.0 92.3� 쿞usan 19 85 55.9 86.0� 쿛hil 17 82 54.7 84.2� 쿘ax 15 69 46.4 71.4� � � �# of missing grades 0 5 5 0 5 5 0 0� 쿌verage 8.0 83.2 55.3 85.1� 쿘edian 9.0 85.0 55.9 86.0� 쿞tandard Deviation 2.0 8.7 5.5 8.4� 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 Filename:NGB42 Note that the Total Grade reflects the score as a percentage of the final grade as was just set in the Edit-Keys. The Est. Total Grade reflects the grade that the students would get if they continued making the same score in all of the Keys. At the end of the term the Total Grade and the Est. Total Grade should be the same. If they are not the same then the student is missing a grade for one or more Key Prefix or the # to Drop is the same count as the number of scores the student has for a particular Key Prefix. Press the right arrow key until the column to the right of the letter grade is showing. There will be a "#" in this column for every student, which indicates that the Total Grade and Est. Total 17 Grade are not equal. At the end of the term there will not be any "#" for students who have completed their work. If a '#' does appear at the end of the term the letter grade shown is NOT the true final grade for that student. The Total grade column would have the numeric value of the grade the student should receive. Let's look at how the Total Grade is calculated for student Lilli. In our Edit Key table we defined the # to drop as being 1 for the key of QZ-, which would leave us with the scores of 18 and 19. The total for the two scores is 37 points out of a possible 40 (2 times 20) , which is 92.5%. Now quizzes are worth 25% of the Total Grade so the quizzes part of the Total Grade is 92.5 times 25% or 23.1%. There is one score for T-1 which is 91 out of a possible 100 for 91%. Tests are worth 40% of the final grade so 91 times 40% is 36.4%. There is no score for the key of F- so our Total Grade is the 23.1% from the quizzes and 36.4% for the tests, which add up to 59.5%. Note that from the scores entered so far (only the quizzes and one test) that Lilli has an Est. Total Grade of 91.5%. Key Scores Dropped Total Total % %-of Total_grade Possible Total_Grade QZ- 17,18,19 17 37 / 40 = 92.5 x 25 = 23.1 T- 91 - 91 / 100 = 91 x 40 = 36.4 F- - - 0 /100 = 0 x 35 = 0.0 total: 59.5 4-3 Optional grading Optional grading is a powerful feature which allows two additional grading options; Points and Percentange: 1) Points: Points (scores) can be accumulated for attendance, daily homework or other similar items and then based on the points accumulated a percentage or letter grade can be assigned to the key. 2) Percentange: Based on the percentage earned for a Key (points earned/points possible) a defined percentage or letter grade can be assigned to the Key. This option allows each Key to have its own letter grade break points. For example; A Key for tests could have percentage setings of A=90%, B=80%, C=70%, etc; and a Key for homework could have perecntage setings of A=85%, B=70%, D=55%, etc. Using either option, the percentage or letter grade assigned is then calculated into the Total Grade. Let's use attendance and the points option as our example of optional grading. First we set a value for each day: 1 point if present and 0 points if absent. Then we must determine how many attendance points can be accumulated in the semester. 5 points per week (one for each day) times 18 weeks = 90 points. As each entry in the gradesheet will take one column, let's keep track of attendance on a weekly basis. So, we will have 18 columns in the gradesheet (one for each week) and each entry will have a maximum value of 5 (one point for each day). Holidays and excused absences 18 would be managed by "giving" the student a point for that day. Next, we must determine what percent of the total grade to assign to attendance. We will let attendance be 5% of the total. The last step is to assign a grade to the accumulated points. The following table will help set this up: Accumulated Assigned attendance grade perfect attendance 90 100 miss 3 days 87 90 miss 5 days 85 80 miss 7 days 83 70 miss 10 days 80 50 A student having 90 accumulated attendance will receive a grade of A. A student having 87, 88 or 89 accumulated attendance will receive a grade of B. A student having 85 or 86 accumulated attendance will receive a grade of C. A student having 83 or 84 accumulated attendance will receive a grade of D. A student having 80, 81, 82, or 83 accumulated attendance will receive a grade of F. A student having less than 80 accumulated attendance will receive a grade of 0. When designing a key that will use optional grading this outline should be followed: 1. Determine the total number of points that can be accumulated. 2. Calculate the number of entries(columns in the gradesheet) and the maximum value for these entries. 3. Decide what percent of the final grade this key will have. 4. Assign a grade value to the accumulated points. Let's modify the file NGB42 from the last section. The optional grading is set in the (E)dit-keys. Go to the (E)dit-keys and create a new Key A- Attend. We are giving 1 point for attendance each day and keeping records on a weekly basis. Enter 5 in the column Max grade. We also decided to make attendance 5% of the total grade. In the column % of Grade enter a 5. Let's also reduced the % of Grade in the Key QZ- quizzes from 25 down to 20 to maintain the Total % 100.0 . Then, under the heading |------- Optional grading--|, we will enter the accumulated attendance points under the column value we want to assign them. The following screen reflects a Key using Optional grading. Notice that there is not a entry in the '%' column. If were were using the 'Percentage' option then a '%' sign would be entered in the '%' column and percentages would be entered in the A,B,C,D and F columns. 19 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 쿎ommand or data: _ F1=Help� � � 쿖ey Description Max # to % of |-------Optional grading--|� 쿾refix grade drop Grade % A B C D F � � 쿜Z- quizzes 20 1 20 � � T- tests 100 40 � � F- final 100 35 께께 � � A- attend 5 5 90 87 85 83 80 � � � � Total % 100.0 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Filename:NGB42B It should be pointed out here that the letters in the column headings: 100 A B C D F can be changed to numerical values (percentages) or to letter grades by moving the cursor to the item and entering the change. Be sure you understand how the Optional grading works before you change these values. Also there must be a value in the % of Grade column for Optional grading to work. When using Optional grading, with the points option, it is important that all of the entries (columns) be inserted in the gradesheet for the Est. Total Grade to be calculated properly. Based on the grades entered and the number of 'blank' grades remaining, Gradebook will project an end of term grade for this Key-prefix. The projected grade is then used in calculating the Est. Total Grade. Remember that 'blank' grades in non-optional- grading keys are ignored. Return to the gradesheet and insert 18 entries using the key A-. Name the entries week1 through week18. The file NGB42B contains all of the changes made in this section. After the changes are made part of the gradebook will look like the following screen: 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 쿎ommand or data: _ F1=Help week14 � 쿑ilename:NGB42B � � Key A-14 A-15 A-16 A-17 A-18 Total Est. � � Max-score 5 5 5 5 5 Grade Total� 쿙ame Scale +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 Grade� � � 쿗illi 께께� 54.9 91.5� 쿘ike 55.1 91.8� 쿞usan 51.5 85.8� 쿛hil 50.3 83.8� 쿘ax 42.6 71.0� � � �# of missing grades 5 5 5 5 5 0 0� 쿌verage 50.9 84.8� 쿘edian 51.5 85.8� 쿞tandard Deviation 5.1 8.5� 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Filename:NGB42B 20 The 'Percentage' option of Optional grading works the same as the 'Points' options except that percentages are entered in the A-F columns and a '%' symbol is entered in the '%' column. The grade for the Key would then be calculated by adding the total points earned and dividing the total points possible giving a percentage. The percentage is then compared to the Optional grading table and the corresponding letter grade (or percentage) is assigned to the Key. When using the 'Percentage' option it is not necessary to enter the columns in the gradebook until they are needed. Unlike the 'Points' option the Est Total Grade does not depend on the number of columns. Some confusion can occur when using the 'Percentage' option. For example; If the percentage under the 'A' column is set at 85 and the student earned a score of 87%, then his/her grade for that Key would be an 'A'. However, if the Letter conversion table (explained in the section 4-5) is set so that an 'A' is 90 percent, then the 'A' would be converted to 90 percent for that Key. The 90% (which is an 'A' as defined in the Letter conversion table) would then be calculated into the Total grade. 4-4 Letter Grade Retrieve file NGB44 and scroll the screen to the left to show the letter grades. The letter grade is derived from the Est-Total- Grade, therefore reflects the students current level of work. At the end of the term the Total-Grade and Est-Total-Grade should be the same value. So the letter grade would be the end of term final grade. 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 쿎ommand or data: _ F1=Help quiz 4 � 쿑ilename: NGB44 � � Key QZ-4 QZ-5 T-1 T-2 F-1 Total Est. Letter� � Max-score 20 20 100 100 100 Grade Total Grade � 쿙ame Scale +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 Grade � � � 쿗illi 께께� 91 54.9 91.5 B � 쿘ike 89 55.1 91.8 B � 쿞usan 85 51.5 85.6 C+ � 쿛hil 82 50.3 83.8 C+ � 쿘ax 69 42.6 71.0 D � � � �# of missing grades 5 5 0 5 5 0 0 0 � 쿌verage 83.2 50.9 84.8 C+ � 쿘edian 85.0 51.5 85.4 C+ � 쿞tandard Deviation 8.7 5.1 8.5 8.2 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 Filename:NGB44 As the grades are entered, the Gradebook will calculate the Total Grade and a Letter Grade automatically. The letter grades have a default setting. These settings may be modified for each gradesheet. Escape to the Main Menu and choose (L)etter- conversion. The (L)etter-conversion option allows the letter - numeric conversion to be set separately for the Total Grade and All Entries. 21 4-5 (L)etter-conversion In the table below, the All Entries column is the numeric value that the GRADEBOOK assigns to the letter grade entered for a student. Any letter grade that appears in a gradesheet or in the Edit-key option will be converted to the value in the All-Entries column and then used to calculate then Total Grade. These default values can be changed to any values you desire. The values indicate the break points from one letter grade to anther. For example: a score of 80 to 82 would receive a 'C', a score of 83 to 86 would receive a 'C+', etc. The two columns should have the same values until the end of the semester (when all the grades are entered), at which point the Total Grade values could be changed to adjust the final class curve. When using the 'total points' option the values in the Total Points column would be the total point values of the letter grade break points instead of percentages as shown below. 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 쿎ommand or data: � � � � � 쿗etter All Total � 쿒rade Entries Grade � � � 쿌+ 103 103 � 쿌 100 100 � 쿌- 97 97 � 쿍+ 93 93 � 쿍 90 90 � 쿍- 87 87 � 쿎+ 83 83 � 쿎 80 80 � 쿎- 77 77 � 쿏+ 73 73 � 쿏 70 70 � 쿏- 67 67 � 쿑+ 63 63 � 쿑 60 60 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Filename:NGB45A The Total Grade column would normally be changed to reflect the individual teachers grading style. As an example highlight each number in column Total Grade and change the values by keyboarding in the new numbers shown below (press return or use the down arrow key to enter the changes). The changes only affect the gradesheet currently being worked on. 22 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 쿎ommand or data: � � � � � 쿗etter All Total � 쿒rade Entries Grade � � � 쿌+ 103 98 � 쿌 100 95 � 쿌- 97 90 � 쿍+ 93 88 � 쿍 90 85 � 쿍- 87 80 � 쿎+ 83 78 � 쿎 80 75 � 쿎- 77 70 � 쿏+ 73 68 � 쿏 70 65 � 쿏- 67 60 � 쿑+ 63 58 � 쿑 60 55 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Filename:NGB45B Return to the gradesheet, note the difference in the letter grades. 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 쿎ommand or data: _ F1=Help quiz 4 � 쿑ilename:NGB45B � � Key QZ-5 T-1 T-2 F-1 Total Est. Letter� � Max-score 20 100 100 100 Grade Total Grade � 쿙ame Scale +0 +0 +0 +0 +0 Grade � � � 쿗illi 91 54.9 91.5 A- � 쿘ike 89 55.1 91.8 A- � 쿞usan 85 51.5 85.8 B � 쿛hil 82 50.3 83.8 B- � 쿘ax 69 42.6 71.0 C- � � � �# of missing grades 5 0 5 5 0 0 0 � 쿌verage 83.2 50.9 84.8 B � 쿘edian 85.0 51.5 85.8 B � 쿞tandard Deviation 8.7 5.1 8.4 8.4 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Filename:NGB45B The letter conversion can be set so that there are no "+"s and "-"s in the letter grade (end of term total grade). The whole letter range is set in the following manner: Highlight the + or - conversion value in the Total Grade column. Press the spacebar and then return (or the down arrow); the number will be replaced with a blank space. Do the same for every number in the Total Grade column that is across from a + or a -. Next, in the same column, set the number across from the A at 90; B at 80; C at 70; D at 60; F at 50. Now 90 and above will be an A; 80 to 89 will be a B; 70 to 79 will be a C and so on. 23 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 쿎ommand or data: � � � � � 쿗etter All Total � 쿒rade Entries Grade � � � 쿌+ 103 � 쿌 100 90 � 쿌- 97 � 쿍+ 93 � 쿍 90 80 � 쿍- 87 � 쿎+ 83 � 쿎 80 70 � 쿎- 77 � 쿏+ 73 � 쿏 70 60 � 쿏- 67 � 쿑+ 63 � 쿑 60 50 � 쿑- 57 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 Filename:NGB45C Return to the gradesheet, note the difference in the letter grades. 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 쿎ommand or data: _ F1=Help quiz 4 � 쿑ilename:NGB45C � � Key QZ-5 T-1 T-2 F-1 Total Est. Letter� � Max-score 20 100 100 100 Grade Total Grade � 쿙ame Scale +0 +0 +0 +0 Grade � � � 쿗illi 께께� 91 54.9 91.5 A � 쿘ike 89 55.1 91.8 A � 쿞usan 85 51.5 85.8 B � 쿛hil 82 50.3 83.8 B � 쿘ax 69 42.6 71.0 C � � � �# of missing grades 5 0 5 5 0 0 0 � 쿌verage 83.2 50.9 84.8 B � 쿘edian 85.0 51.5 85.8 B � 쿞tandard Deviation 8.7 5.1 8.5 8.4 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Filename:NGB45C 4-6 Scale The Scale is used to modify the scores for any Key column in the gradesheet. When a scale is used all the scores in the selected column are increased or decreased by a given number of points or a percentage. There are 3 ways to scale in the gradesheet: add points to a key, subtract points from a key, and multiply the score by either a number smaller than 1 (ie .9 to scale down ) or a number larger than 1 (ie 1.1 to scale up). For QZ-2, add 2 points to the score. 24 Highlight the +0 in the scale row in column QZ-2. Using file NGB46, keyboard in +2 and press return. Confirm the entry with a y. Note in the screen below that the "raw score" does not change. The Total Grade, Est. Total Grade and Lettr Grade are recomputed and changed. To return to a +0 scale keyboard in +0 in the scale row. 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 쿎ommand or data: _ F1=Help quiz 4 � 쿑ilename:NGB46A � � Key QZ-2 T-1 T-2 F-1 Total Est. Letter� � Max-score 20 20 100 100 Grade Total Grade � 쿙ame Scale +2 0 +0 +0 +0 Grade � � � 쿗illi 18 91 55.9 93.2 A- � 쿘ike 19 89 56.1 93.5 A- � 쿞usan 16 85 52.5 87.5 B � 쿛hil 18 82 51.3 85.5 B � 쿘ax 15 69 43.6 72.7 C- � � � �# of missing grades 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 � 쿌verage 17.2 83.2 51.9 86.5 B � 쿘edian 18.0 85.0 52.5 87.8 B � 쿞tandard Deviation 1.6 8.7 5.1 8.5 8.2 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 Filename:NGB46A To subtract 2 points, highlight a scale position and keyboard in -2 and press return. To add 10%, we multiply by 1.1 (the whole value plus .1). Raise the scale of T-1 by 10%. In the scale position under the Key T-1, keyboard in *1.1. 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 쿎ommand or data: _ F1=Help quiz 4 � 쿑ilename:NGB46B � � Key QZ-2 QZ-5 T-1 T-2 F-1 Total Est. Letter� � Max-score 20 20 100 100 100 Grade Total Grade � 쿙ame Scale +2 +0 *1.1 +0 +0 +0 Grade � � � 쿗illi 18 91 59.5 99.2 A+ � 쿘ike 19 89 59.7 99.5 A+ � 쿞usan 16 85 55.9 93.2 A- � 쿛hil 18 82 54.6 91.0 A- � 쿘ax 15 69 46.4 77.3 C � � � �# of missing grades 0 5 0 5 5 0 0 0 � 쿌verage 17.2 83.2 55.5 92.0 A- � 쿘edian 18.0 85.0 55.9 93.2 A- � 쿞tandard Deviation1.6 8.7 5.4 9.0 9.4 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 � Filename:NGB46B Note the changes to Total Grade, Est. Total Grade and Letter Grade. To reduce the grade by 10% use *.9 (90% of the grade) instead of *1.1 (110% of the grade) 25 The Total-Grade can also be scaled. This provides a way to raise or lower the class curve. Any scaling of the Total-Grade will also affect the Est-Total-Grade and the letter grade. Beware that scaling of the Total-Grade before the end of the term (all grades entered) can lead to inflated Est-Total-Grade and letter grade. 4-7 I.(D). Field The I.D. Field is an optional column which will appear to the left of the name column. From the Main Menu choose I.(D).-Field by pressing D and then return. The following screen will appear: 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� enter option (0, 1 or 2) The I.D. field is a column which will appear on the left side of the students name. This column can be used for the student-number, social-security-number or anything else. There are 2 possible field widths as shown below. Once and I.D. field is selected it can not be changed. 쿚ption � � 0 No I.D. field � � 1 1-5 characters � 2 1-11 characters � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� If you enter the I.(D).-field option by mistake, use choice 0 or Esc to exit. Once option 1 or 2 is taken, the field cannot be changed or removed. Numbers are entered into the ID # column while in the gradesheet. Move the cursor into the area where you want to enter the ID number, keyboard in the number and press return or use the cursor movement arrows. 4-8 Sort The gradesheet can be sorted in the ID # column, Name column, any Key column, and either Total Grade column. Place the cursor in the column to be sorted. Press Alt-S (hold down the Alt key and press S or s). The following prompt will appear on the second line of the screen. Ascending or Descending, Enter option (a or d) Choose a (or A) for an ascending sort or d (or D) for a descending sort. The program does a secondary sort in the name column when any column other than the name column is being sorted. If the sort option is chosen by mistake, press Esc to return the gradesheet. 4-9 Calculation On/Off The program automatically recalculates the Total Grade, Est. Total Grade, and Letter Grade and statistics when scores are changed or new scores are entered. The automatic recalculation can be turned off with the toggle Alt-C (hold down the Alt key and press C or c). A message calculation-off will appear in the center of the second line on the screen. To turn recalculation back on, use Alt-C again. 26 Calculation Off will save time when entering a large amount of data in big gradesheets. If data entry is slowed down by recalculation, try Alt-C while entering grades. Remember to turn Calculation On when finished. 4-10 Graph The gradesheet can generate a bar graph of the Number-of-Students vs. Percent -Correct for any graded column, the Total Grade (or Total Point) or the Est. Total Grade/Point. While in the gradesheet select a column to be graphed by moving the cursor into that column. Press Alt-G (or Alt-g) and a graph will replace the gradesheet (Esc will return you to the gradesheet). While in the Bar Graph, the left and right cursor movement arrows will "scroll" the graph to the left and the right. If there is a score off of the screen, a small arrow will appear in the lower right or left hand corner of the screen to indicate that there are more grades out of sight. The scale feature works while in the Bar Graph in the same manner as while in the gradesheet (see 4-6) and any scale changes made will be effective in the gradesheet. If the graph is of the Total Grade (Point) column, then the Letter-number conversion may also be changed. Keyboard in the letter grade to be changed and press return. A prompt New percentage (New Points) will appear on the command line. Keyboard in the new number grade for the letter selected and press return. The graph will reflect the changes. Remember, all changes made in the graph are also effective in the gradesheet. To exit the graph, press Esc. IBM graphics printers will print the graph by typing Alt-P. Return to the Gradesheet (Filename: NGB46B), highlight the Est. Total Grade column and press Alt-G. The following screen will appear. 旼컴컫컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � 20쳐 command or scale: � 쿙 쳐 present scale: +0 � 퀅 쳐 � 쿺 쳐 � 쿫 쳐 � 쿮 15쳐컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴캑 퀁 쳐 � ~ ~ ~ ~s ~ ~ 퀃 5쳐컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴캑 퀅 쳐 � 쿭 쳐 � 쿮 쳐 屛 쿻 쳐 � 屛 퀃 0쳐컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴嘗컴컴컴컴컴컴杉 퀂 납납납납납� � � � � � � � � � � � 납 읒좋좋좋좋좔컴컴컴컴좔컴컨컴좔좔컴컨컴좔좔컴컨컴좔좔컴컨컴좔좔� � 0 40 50 60 70 80 � � F- F F+D- D D+C- C C+B- B B� � Scaled percentage � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Try changing the scale and see what happens. Also graph the Total grade column and try changing the letter grade values. 27 4-11 Special Key-prefixes This section discusses 2 special Keys: the extra-credit Key and the no-credit Key. Extra credit: The extra credit Key allows student to increase their final grade by any percentage of the Total Grade but does not penalize students who have no entry in this column. The extra-credit key is limited to only one column in the gradesheet per defined key. If you want several extra-credit entries in the gradesheet, there will have to be a Key defined for each column used. The Amount of extra credit that can be earned in the extra-credit key is set in the % of Grade column. As an example, if the extra-credit key would be worth and extra 10% of the Total Grade, Enter 10 in the % of Grade column. Note that the Total % should now read 100.0. (+ 10% Extra Credit). The amount of extra credit in the Total Grade that the student receives would be his score on the extra credit Key divided by the Max grade possible multiplied by the % of Grade. No credit: The No-credit key allows grades to be entered into the gradesheet that are not calculated into the Total Grade. When the No-credit key-prefix is used the message '1 No credit key' is displayed under the description column. If more than one No-credit key is used the number '1' would be replaced by the number of No- credit keys defined. The no-credit key entries are only limited by the total column limit of 200 entries in the gradesheet. The Max grade must be set for the no-credit key but do not set the % of Grade Go to the (E)dit-keys and add 2 new Key prefixes: X- for extra credit and N- for no credit. Preface the description of X- with a * and preface the description N- with a #. After entering the #nocredit key a message will appear at the bottom of the Description column 1 No-credit-keys. You should see something similar to the following screen: 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 쿎ommand or data: _ F1=Help � � � 쿖ey Description Max # to % of |-------Opt� 쿾refix grade drop Grade % A � � � 쿜Z- quizzes 20 1 20 � � T- tests 100 40 � � F- final 100 35 � � A- attend 5 5 90 � � X- *extra 10 10 � � N- #nocredit 25 � � � � 1 No-credit-keys Total % 100.0 (+ 10.0 Extra Credit) � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 Filename:NGB411 4-12 Import There are two import functions which allows data to be imported directly into the gradebook from DOS text files. The first allows the importing of names or names/I.D. numbers. The second allows the importing of grades/scores. 28 Import names or names & I.D. numbers: This option is selected by typing "I" (for import) at the Main Menu, and allows you to import student names and I.D. numbers from a DOS text file. The text file must be in SDF file format. For example to import two names or two name/I.D. numbers: --name only-- ----name & I.D.#---- "Jones, Mike" "Jones, Mike","34562" "Smith, William" "Smith, William","76832" Each field must have double quotes around it and the name & I.D. field must be separated by a comma. The name may not exceed 20 characters and the I.D. number may not exceed the field width selected from the I.D. field option of the Main Menu. Before the file is imported into the gradebook, the data is checked for correct format and any errors are displayed. Any errors must be corrected before the file is imported. If there are already students in the gradebook the students in the import file will be appended to the bottom of the existing students. This import function is very useful for a large class. Have your computer services department download your class roster into a DOS text file and then import that file. Importing scores/grades: This option allows you to import scores/grades into a selected column in the gradesheet. The option is selected by typing ALT-I while in the gradesheet with the highlighted area in the column where the data is to be imported. The scores/grades (along with the name or I.D. number) are imported from a DOS text file and assigned to selective names or I.D. numbers. The file must be in SDF file format. For example to import scores for two students: --name & scores-- -I.D.# & scores- "Jones, Mike","89" "34256","89" "Smith, William","75" "23452","75" Each field must have double quotes around it. The name or & I.D. field must be first followed by a comma and then the score. The name or I.D.# must match those in the gradesheet, however, they do not have to be in the same order. If a name/I.D. # is not found in the gradesheet the message 'STUDENT NOT FOUND' will be displayed and you will be given the option to (1)select a student for the score, (2)bypass the score, or (3)abort the remaining import operation. The name (or I.D. number) and score in question will be shown on the top line of the screen to the right of the word 'Importing'. The name or I.D. number is first and the score/grade is second. The last score (student) to be imported successfully will still be highlighted (unless the error occurred on the first student in the import file). When selecting option 1, use the up- arrow or down-arrow keys to highlight the correct student and press return. 29 This import option is very useful if you give any type of computer graded test or assignments. Modify the computer program to produce a DOS text file in the above format and the import the results directly into the gradebook. It is possible to import letter grades into a number grade column and visa-versa. If letter grades are imported into a number grade column the letter entered for each student is converted into a percentage using the (L)etter conversion table. This percentage is then multiplied by the Max Grade for the associated column and the result is entered in the gradebook. If number grades are being imported into a letter grade column, the program will ask for a 'base value'. The base value is usually the maximum score (or adjusted maximum score) possible. The score imported for each student is divided by the base value, giving a percentage. This percentage is then compared to the (L)etter conversion table to obtain the letter grade which is recorded in the gradebook. 4-13 Variable Max Grade Variable Max Grade allows a Key Prefix to be defined in which each entry (column) in the gradesheet may have a different maximum grade value. An example where this might be used is homework assignments in math, where each assignment may be worth different point values based on the number of problems assigned. To make a Key Prefix a variable Max Grade type, enter a 'V' in the Max Grade column of the (E)dit Keys option. Each time a column is added in the gradebook using this type key you will be asked to enter the Max Grade for that column. Each column added may have a different Max Grade value. The final grade for this type key is calculated by adding all the points earned by the student and dividing by the total points possible (remember that blank grades are ignored). A Key-prefix using the variable Max Grade option can not be used as an extra credit key. Optional grading (points or percentage option) can be used with the variable Max grade option, which will allow one adjust the grading scale for a key of this type. Once a variable Max Grade column is added to the gradesheet, the Max Grade can be changed at any time by (V)iewing the gradesheet, highlighting the value to be changed and entering the new value. A Variable Max Grade key can have a value up to 3 entered in the #-to-drop column. When using the #-to-drop option the program will drop the scores which will result in the greatest grade for the Key. It should be noted that the scores dropped may not be the lowest in point value, but scores which will result in the highest grade. 30 EDIT-KEYS EXAMPLES 5-1 Edit-Keys Examples 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 쿎ommand or data: _ F1=Help � � � 쿖ey Description Max # to % of |-------Optiona� 쿾refix grade drop Grade % A B � � � 쿜Z- quizzes V 1 20 � � T- tests 100 40 � � F- final 100 35 께께 � � A- attend 5 5 � � EA- *extra credit 1 20 5 � � EB- *extra credit 2 20 5 � � P- #participation 1 � � � � 1 No-credit-key Total % 100.0 (+ 10.0 Extra Credit)� 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 QZ- quizzes Gradesheet may contain any number of columns for quizzes. The Variable Max Grade option is being used so each quiz column can have a different maximum grade. One quiz score will be dropped. The quiz to be dropped will result in the highest possible grade for quizzes. Quizzes are worth 20% of the Total Grade. T- tests Gradesheet may contain any number of columns for tests. Each test column is worth 100 points. No Tests will be dropped. Tests are worth 40% of the Total Grade. F- final Gradesheet may contain any number of columns for final. Each final column is worth 100 points. No finals will be dropped. Final are worth 35% of the Total Grade. A- attendance Gradesheet may contain any number of columns for attendance. Each attendance column is worth 5 points. No attendance will be dropped. Attendance is worth 5% of the Total Grade. EA- *extra credit1 Gradesheet may contain only 1 column with this Key prefix. Extra credit 1 is worth 20 points. After the Total Grade is calculated based on the other Key prefixes up to 5% can be added to that total. First character of description must be a '*' for extra credit. EB- *extra credit2 Gradesheet may contain only 1 column with this Key prefix. Extra credit 2 is worth 20 points. After the Total Grade is calculated based on the other Key prefixes up to 5% can be added to that total. First character of description must be a '*' for extra credit. 31 P- #participation Gradesheet may contain any number of columns for participation. Each participation column is worth 1 point. Participation is not calculated into the Total Grade. Entries in this Key prefix are for information only. First character of description must be '#' for No-Credit. 32 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 쿎ommand or data: _ F1=Help � � � 쿖ey Description Max # to % of |-------Optional grading--� 쿾refix grade drop Grade % A B C D F� � � 쿜Z- Quizzes 20 1 20 � � C- Concerts 1 30 6 5 4 3 3 � 쿟P- Term Paper A 20 � � A- Attendance 1 20 30 25 20 15 10 � � W- Written Assig 10 1 10 % 75 60 50 40 0 � � � � Total % 100.0 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 QZ- quizzes Gradesheet may contain any number of columns for quizzes. Each quiz column is worth 20 points. The lowest score on any quiz will be dropped. Quizzes are worth 20% of the Total Grade. C- Concerts Optional grading, Points option; The gradesheet will contain 6 columns. One column for each concert and each column being worth 1 point. If the student attends all 6 concerts he/she will receive a 'A', 5 concerts a 'B', 4 concerts a 'C', 3 concerts a 'D' and less then 3 will receive no credit. Concerts are worth 30% of the Total Grade. TP- Term Paper Gradesheet may contain any number of columns for the Term Paper. Letter grades will be given to the Term Paper. Term Paper is worth 20% of the Total Grade. A- Attendance Optional grading, Points option; The gradesheet will contain 30 columns for Attendance. Each column will be worth 1 point. If a student accumulates 30 points he/she will receive a 'A', 25 points a 'B', 20 points a 'C', 15 points a 'D', 10 points a 'F' and less than 10 points will receive no credit. Attendance is worth 20% of the Total Grade. W- Written Assg. Optional grading, Percentage option; Gradesheet may contain any number of columns for Written Assignments. Each assignment will be worth 10 points. One lowest score will be dropped. A letter grade will be assigned based on the following percentages; 75%=A, 60%=B, 50%=C, 40%=D and lower than 40=F. Written Assignments are worth 10% of the Total Grade. Note: When using Optional grading it is important to enter all the columns required. In our example: 6 columns for Concerts and 30 columns for Attendance. Unlike the regular grading which ignores the blank grades, Optional grading uses the number of blank grades to project the Est. Total Grade. At the end of the term every Optional grading column must have a score. See the Optional grading section for additional information. 33 RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE 6-1 Recommended Procedure The following is a recommended procedure for using THE NOBLE GRADEBOOK. 1. Select (E)dit keys from the Main Menu and define the types of test, assignments, papers, etc. 2. Add your students names (and I.D. numbers if desired). Use the (I)mport option if you can. 3. Select the (L)etter-conversion option from the Main Menu and change the letter grade values if you desire. Remember that both columns should have the same value until the end of the term. 4. Select co(N)figuration from the Main Menu and enter the course and semester descriptions. Enter any printer setup information you need for your hardware (see configuration section). 5. If you are using Optional grading enter all the columns in the gradesheet for the optional grading for key-prefix. See the section on optional grading if you need help. 6. Add the other columns as needed or of you know what all the columns will be you can add them now. 7. After you enter (or Import) the scores/grades for each column use the Alt-G (graph) to display the class curve for that column and use the Scale feature, if you wish, to adjust the curve. This Scale feature can also be used to give all the students credit for a bad question on a test. 8. Once all the grades are in (end of term) use the Alt-G (Graph) option on the Total Grade column. While in the bar graph you can adjust the curve of whole class with the Scale option or change the value of individual letter grades (see section on Graph). If you change the value of the letter grades while in the bar graph option, you are also changing the values which appear in the Total-grade column of (L)etter-conversion option of the Main Menu. At this time the value of the two columns in the (L)etter- conversion option will not be the same. Once the graph of the Total Grade meets you approval and you exit the graph option, the gradesheet will be recalculated and your end of term grades will be completed. Remember that a '#' to the right of the letter grade indicates that the Total Grade & Est Total Grade are not the same, therefore the Letter grade is not the true end of term grade for the student (see section '% of Grade'). 34 ERROR MESSAGES 7-1 Error Messages Error, 8 characters max for the name (may be preceded by path). A file name can only be 8 characters maximum. The name can be preceded by a valid path, ie c:\grades\name. The Noble Gradebook will append the extension .GBK to each name. Error, data must be a numeric value. A number is the only valid response to the question asked. No letters or special characters are allowed. Error, disk write. Gradesheet 'not' saved. (possibly disk full) Your Gradesheet is not saved. The most probable cause of this error is insufficient disk space to save the current Gradesheet. If this should be the case, save the Gradesheet on another disk before proceeding. Malfunctioning hardware can also cause this error. Error, each key_prefix must have a 'Max Grade' assigned. One or more of the Key-Prefix have a blank in the Max-Grade column. Each Key-Prefix must have a Max-Grade assigned. Error, extra credit Key-prefixes can only have one gradesheet entry. This Key-prefix can not be changed to Extra-credit because there are more than one column in the Gradesheet with this Key- prefix. Each Extra-credit Key-prefix can only have one column (entry) in the gradesheet. Error, extra credit or non credit keys can not use optional grading. Optional grading will not work with either Extra-credit or Non- credit Key prefixes. The Optional grading columns must be blank in order to have a Key-prefix either Extra-credit or Non- credit. Error, invalid key-prefix A valid Key-prefix must be one or two letters followed by a hyphen (-). Examples of valid Key-prefixes would be T-, TT-, HW-, F-, MT-, etc. Key-prefix may be enter either in upper or lower case. In either case Gradebook will convert to upper case. Error, Invalid name/path (must be DOS format) A valid DOS name may not have move then 8 characters before the period and no more then 3 characters after the period. A valid path would be a disk drive specification followed by a directory name. For example: A:\mydir\filename.ext Error, must be '%' or blank The entry in this column must be either a '%' symbol or a blank. A blank is produced by pressing the space bar one time, and then pressing the 'Return' key. Error, must be 0 - 100 Valid numbers would be greater than or equal to zero and less then or equal to 100. Examples are 0, 100, 45, 87, etc. 35 Error, must be 0 - 9 Valid numbers would be a whole number greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to 9. Examples 0, 9, 3, 6, etc. Error, must be 0 to 999.9 Valid numbers would be greater than or equal to zero and less then 1000. Examples are 0, 1.25 ,100, 34.5, 150.5, etc. Error, must be 1 to 20 characters The entry must be less than 20 characters. Letters, numbers or special characters are allowed. Error, must be 4 digits max from 0 - 9999. A valid number must be greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 9999 and can not contain more than 4 characters. Error, must be greater than 0 and less than 10,000 or 'V' The Max grade must be greater than 0 and less than 10,000. If using the Var Max Grade option a 'V' may be entered for the Max grade. Error, must be a numeric value preceded by '+', '-' or '*'." Examples of valid Scale factors would be: *1.1 for 10% increase, *.9 for a 10% decrease, +2 for a 2 point increase, - 3 for a 3 point decrease. If you use the '*' the students raw score will be multiplied by the value. If you use the '+' or '-' the raw score will be either increased or decreased by the value. Remember that the raw score which shows in the Gradesheet is not changed its value is adjusted before being used to calculate the Total Grade. Error, must be a valid key-prefix & 1 or 2 characters A valid key must be a valid Key-prefix (defined in the Edit-Key option) followed be one or two number, letters or special characters. The only character not allowed is the hyphen (-). Error, must be a valid letter grade. Valid Letter-Grades are A+, A, A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, C-, D+, D, D-, F+, F. Error, must be a whole number between 0 - 130. Valid numbers would be greater or equal to zero and less than or equal than 130 and would have no fractional part. Examples would be 0, 130, 25, 67, 105, etc. Error, must be one or two letters followed by a '-' A valid Key-prefix must be one or two letters followed by a hyphen (-). Examples of valid Key-prefixes would be T-, TT-, HW-, F-, MT-, etc. Key-prefix may be enter either in upper or lower case. In either case Gradebook will convert to upper case. Error, non credit keys can not have entries in %-of-Total Grade. %-of-Total-Grade does not apply to Non-credit Key-prefixes. %-of-Total-Grade must be blank for Non-credit Key-prefixes. 36 Error, please answer 'y' or 'n' You must answer 'y' or 'n' or 'Y' or 'N'. No other response will be accepted. Error, printer is not ready, please fix. The printer is either not connected or is not on-line (ready). Error, scores in the 'All Entries' column can not be deleted. Scores can not be deleted form the All-Entries column. These scores are used to convert letter grades to number grades which are then used to calculate the Total Grade and the Est. Total Grade. Error, the maximum number of columns have been added. The maximum number of entries (columns) for a single Gradesheet is 150. The current Gradesheet has the 150 entry limit. Error, the maximum number of Key-prefixes have been added. The maximum number of Key-prefixes is 18. The current Gradesheet has reached that limit. Error, the maximum number of students have been added. The maximum number of students for a single Gradesheet is 150. The current Gradesheet has the 150 student limit. Error, this key already exists A key can not be repeated in the same Gradesheet. A Key-prefix can be repeated (except for extra-credit) however the characters following the '-' must be unique. Error, this Key-prefix already exists The Key-prefix entered is already used. Each Key-prefix must be unique. Error, this Key-prefix has more than one entry in the gradesheet. This Key-prefix can not be changed to extra-credit because there is more than one column in the Gradesheet with using this Key-prefix. Each extra-credit Key-prefix can only have one column (entry) in the Gradesheet. You can however have more than one extra-credit Key-prefix. Error, this Key-prefix must first be deleted from the gradesheet Before the Key-prefix can be removed from the Edit-Keys tables all columns in the gradesheet using this Key-prefix must be removed. Error, too many characters for this field. You typed too many characters for the current field. Error, To import the highlighted area must be in a graded column. The movable highlighted area must be in a column that can receive a grade. It can not be in the I.D.#, name, or Total Grade columns. Error, Total Grade can not be changed. The Total Grade is a calculated field which is derived from the other entries in the Gradesheet. The Total Grade can be scaled but not changed directly from the keyboard. 37 Error, unable to open file The file name entered does not exist on the selected/default disk. Be sure the name is spelled correctly and do not include the extension .GBK Error, values in letter-conversion table are no longer sequential While either in the letter_conversion or the bar-graph options you changed the values of the letter grades so that values do not decrease sequentially. An example would be that a "B" was changed to 110 and the "A" has a value of 100. Error, Variable Max Grade: 3 drop max. Can't be extra cedit When using a Key prefix with the variable-Max-Grade option, you can not use the #-to-drop or the extra credit (*) options with this Key prefix.